Google Testing Blog: Truth 1.0: Fluent Assertions for Java and Android Tests

Truth 1.0: Fluent Assertions for Java and Android Tests

Monday, July 08, 2019

(originally posted to the Google Open Source Blog)

assertEquals("Message has been sent", getString(notification, EXTRA_BIG_TEXT));
assertTrue(
    getString(notification, EXTRA_TEXT)
        .contains("Kurt Kluever <kak@google.com>"));

almoststructurewhat's being tested

A better way to structure these assertions is to use a fluent API:

assertThat(getString(notification, EXTRA_BIG_TEXT))
    .isEqualTo("Message has been sent");
assertThat(getString(notification, EXTRA_TEXT))
    .contains("Kurt Kluever <kak@google.com>");

IDE autocompletion can suggest assertions that fit the value under test, including rich operations like containsExactly(permission.SEND_SMS, permission.READ_SMS).

Failure messages can include the value under test and the expected result. Contrast this with the assertTrue call above, which lacks a failure message entirely.

Google's fluent assertion library for Java and Android is Truth. We're happy to announce that we've released Truth 1.0, which stabilizes our API after years of fine-tuning.

Truth started in 2011 as a Googler's personal open source project. Later, it was donated back to Google and cultivated by the Java Core Libraries team, the people who bring you Guava.

You might already be familiar with assertion libraries like Hamcrest and AssertJ, which provide similar features. We've designed Truth to have a simpler API and more readable failure messages. For example, here's a failure message from AssertJ:

java.lang.AssertionError:
Expecting:
  <[year: 2019
month: 7
day: 15
]>
to contain exactly in any order:
  <[year: 2019
month: 6
day: 30
]>
elements not found:
  <[year: 2019
month: 6
day: 30
]>
and elements not expected:
  <[year: 2019
month: 7
day: 15
]>

And here's the equivalent message from Truth:

value of:
    iterable.onlyElement()
expected:
    year: 2019
    month: 6
    day: 30

but was:
    year: 2019
    month: 7
    day: 15

For more details, read our comparison of the libraries, and try Truth for yourself.

Also, if you're developing for Android, try AndroidX Test. It includes Truth extensions that make assertions even easier to write and failure messages even clearer:

assertThat(notification).extras().string(EXTRA_BIG_TEXT)
    .isEqualTo("Message has been sent");
assertThat(notification).extras().string(EXTRA_TEXT)
    .contains("Kurt Kluever <kak@google.com>");

Coming soon: Kotlin users of Truth can look forward to Kotlin-specific enhancements.

Testing Blog

Truth 1.0: Fluent Assertions for Java and Android Tests

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