Testing Blog
Testing on the Toilet: Risk-Driven Testing
Friday, May 30, 2014
by Peter Arrenbrecht
This article was adapted from a
Google Testing on the Toilet
(TotT) episode. You can download a
printer-friendly version
of this TotT episode and post it in your office.
We are all conditioned to write tests
as we code: unit, functional, UI—the whole shebang. We are professionals, after all. Many of us like how small tests let us work quickly, and how larger tests inspire safety and closure. Or we may just anticipate flak during review. We are so used to these tests that often
we no longer question why we write them
. This can be wasteful and dangerous.
Tests are a means to an end:
To
reduce the key risks
of a project, and to
get the biggest bang for the buck
. This bang may not always come from the tests that standard practice has you write, or not even from tests at all.
Two examples:
“We built a new debugging aid. We wrote unit, integration, and UI tests. We were ready to launch.”
Outstanding practice.
Missing the mark.
Our key risks were that we'd corrupt our data or bring down our servers for the sake of a debugging aid. None of the tests addressed this, but they gave a false sense of safety and “being done”.
We stopped the launch.
“We wanted to turn down a feature, so we needed to alert affected users. Again we had unit and integration tests, and even one expensive end-to-end test.”
Standard practice.
Wasted effort.
The alert was so critical it actually needed end-to-end coverage for all scenarios. But it would be live for only three releases. The cheapest effective test? Manual testing before each release.
A Better Approach: Risks First
For every project or feature,
think about testing
. Brainstorm your key risks and your best options to reduce them.
Do this at the start
so you don't waste effort and can adapt your design.
Write them down
as a QA design so you can point to it in reviews and discussions.
To be sure,
standard practice remains a good idea in most cases
(hence it’s standard). Small tests are cheap and speed up coding and maintenance, and larger tests safeguard core use-cases and integration.
Just remember
: Your tests are a means.
The bang is what counts
. It’s your job to
maximize it
.
1 comment
Testing on the Toilet: Effective Testing
Wednesday, May 07, 2014
by Rich Martin, Zurich
This article was adapted from a
Google Testing on the Toilet
(TotT) episode. You can download a
printer-friendly version
of this TotT episode and post it in your office.
Whether we are writing an individual unit test or designing a product’s entire testing process, it is important to take a step back and think about
how effective are our tests at detecting and reporting bugs in our code
. To be effective, there are
three important qualities
that every test should try to maximize:
Fidelity
When the code under test is broken, the test fails.
A high-fidelity test is one which is very sensitive to defects in the code under test
, helping to prevent bugs from creeping into the code.
Maximize fidelity by ensuring that your tests cover all the paths through your code and include all relevant assertions on the expected state.
Resilience
A test shouldn’t fail if the code under test isn’t defective.
A resilient test is one that only fails when a breaking change is made to the code under test.
Refactorings and other non-breaking changes to the code under test can be made without needing to modify the test, reducing the cost of maintaining the tests.
Maximize resilience by only testing the exposed API of the code under test; avoid reaching into internals. Favor stubs and fakes over mocks; don't verify interactions with dependencies unless it is that interaction that you are explicitly validating. A flaky test obviously has very low resilience.
Precision
When a test fails,
a high-precision test tells you exactly where the defect lies
. A well-written unit test can tell you exactly which line of code is at fault. Poorly written tests (especially large end-to-end tests) often exhibit very low precision, telling you that something is broken but not where.
Maximize precision by keeping your tests small and tightly focused. Choose descriptive method names that convey exactly what the test is validating. For system integration tests, validate state at every boundary.
These three qualities are often in tension with each other. It's easy to write a highly resilient test (the empty test, for example), but writing a test that is both highly resilient and high-fidelity is hard.
As you design and write tests, use these qualities as a framework to guide your implementation
.
5 comments
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