This is another post in our Code Health series. A version of this post originally appeared in Google bathrooms worldwide as a Google Testing on the Toilet episode. You can download a printer-friendly version to display in your office.

By Dori Reuveni and Kevin Bourrillion

 While reading code, often there is nothing more helpful than a well-placed comment. However, comments are not always good. Sometimes the need for a comment can be a sign that the code should be refactored.

 Use a comment when it is infeasible to make your code self-explanatory. If you think you need a comment to explain what a piece of code does, first try one of the following:
  • Introduce an explaining variable.
    // Subtract discount from price.
finalPrice = (numItems * itemPrice)
    - min(5, numItems) * itemPrice * 0.1;
    		 
    price = numItems * itemPrice;
discount =
    min(5, numItems) * itemPrice * 0.1;
finalPrice = price - discount;
  • Extract a method. 
    // Filter offensive words.
for (String word : words) { ... }
    		 
    filterOffensiveWords(words);
  • Use a more descriptive identifier name. 
    int width = ...; // Width in pixels.

    int widthInPixels = ...;
  • Add a check in case your code has assumptions. 
    // Safe since height is always > 0.
return width / height;
    		 
    checkArgument(height > 0);
return width / height;
There are cases where a comment can be helpful:
  • Reveal your intent: explain why the code does something (as opposed to what it does). 
    // Compute once because it’s expensive.
  • Protect a well-meaning future editor from mistakenly “fixing” your code. 
    // Create a new Foo instance because Foo is not thread-safe.
  • Clarification: a question that came up during code review or that readers of the code might have. 
    // Note that order matters because...
  • Explain your rationale for what looks like a bad software engineering practice. 
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // The cast is safe because...
On the other hand, avoid comments that just repeat what the code does. These are just noise:
// Get all users.
userService.getAllUsers();
 
// Check if the name is empty.
if (name.isEmpty()) { ... }